Scholars and economists call the 1772 British credit crisis the first modern Bank of England financial crisis.
The Copper Panic of 1789, when enormous amounts of false copper coins entered circulation, devalued real copper
and caused the American public to lose faith in it, led to the US's move to paper money.
After Napoleon won the French Revolutionary War, US economic stimulation ended.
This alone put the US economy in danger, but Barbary pirates (Muslim pirates from North Africa) caused a recession that led to the First Barbary War.
The US had a brief but severe recession before the War of 1812. The war machine's manufacturing increase saved the economy.
Gregor MacGregor's 1825 swindle created a recession.
MacGregor gained thousands by encouraging others to invest in and buy land grants for an ideal Central American country named Poyais that, in truth, never existed.
American government and financial failures caused the 1837 panic and recession.
The collapse of Jay Cooke & Co., the nation's largest financial company at the time, sparked the Panic of 1873.
Once Marine National Bank and Grant & Ward collapsed, the railroad industry's downfall produced a recession that began in 1882.
To prevent financial collapse, the New York Clearing House bailed out failing banks.